The Roman theater in Guelma dates from the late 2nd and early 3rd centuries AD, during the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus. It is a semicircular natural pit, its edges leveled and lined with plaster and cut stone to form steps and seating, creating what is known as the Roman amphitheater.

Dar Mustapha Pasha is located in the lower Kasbah, in the district Souk-el-Djemâa, bordering the street brothers Mecheri. This palace is an exceptional architectural wealth. It was built in 1798 for the Dey Mustapha Pasha, it was then the home of General Trobriant, then converted in 1863 into a national library until 1948 to become the headquarters of several organizations.

Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa. Algeria covers an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), making it the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa. It had a population of 44 million in 2021. The capital and largest city is Algiers, located in the far north on the Mediterranean coast.

Santa Cruz Fort is one of the three forts in Oran, the second largest port city of Algeria. The three forts are connected by tunnels. Fort Santa Cruz was built between 1577 and 1604 by the Spaniards on the Pic d’Aidour above Gulf of Oran in the Mediterranean Sea, at an elevation of above 400 metres (1,312 ft). In 1831, the French occupied Oran and the fort.