The Septimius Severus Arch in the northwest of the Roman Forum is a triumphal arch of white marble inaugurated in 203 AD to commemorate the victories of Emperor Septimius Severus and his two sons, Caracalla and Geta, in two campaigns against the Parthians in 194–195 and 197–199.

Vatican City, officially known as the Vatican City State, is the smallest independent city-state in the world. It is an enclave within Rome, Italy, and serves as the spiritual and administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church. Its population was 764 in 2022.